![]() Artist’s depiction of the bones forming the face, and a magnified view of the bones comprising the orbit. From Atlas of Anatomy, © Thieme 2012, Illustration by Karl Wesker. The anatomy of the skull, orbits, and oral cavity is discussed in further detail in Chapters 18, 21, and 23, respectively. The cranium is composed of flat bones creating the cranial cap (calvarium) and by a set of bones creating the cranial base. The cheek is supported largely by the zygoma, a very important bone, which rigidly articulates with the maxillary, temporal, frontal, and sphenoid bones. The forehead is predominantly supported by the frontal bone and the squamous portions of the temporal bones. The nose is formed by the maxilla and nasal bones, and the nasal septum by the vomer and ethmoid bones, along with cartilage. The orbits are formed by multiple bones, including the maxillary, frontal, zygomatic, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, and palatine bones ( Fig. The main bones of the face are the mandible and maxilla ( Fig. This chapter primarily focuses on the osseous anatomy of these structures. Ultimately, both pre- and postnatal development lead to the familiar structures of the human head and face. Although craniofacial embryology is not reviewed here, the relationship between embryology and anatomy should be appreciated, and the embryology relevant to a particular anomaly is referenced if pertinent. Another good example of the relationship between embryology and craniofacial anomalies is seen in branchial cleft cysts, which are further discussed in Chapter 17. For example, the first branchial arch normally fuses with the frontonasal process at 4 to 6 weeks of gestation, and failure of this fusion results in cleft lip. Although understanding craniofacial embryology is not necessary to the understanding of anatomy, knowledge of craniofacial development can help in the interpretation of anatomic abnormalities and deformities. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |